In the early history of Kuwait, the Sheikh (or Head) of the country was responsible for most administrative decisions. As Kuwait began to modernize, an organic form of government emerged. This included, the formation of various entities, legislative councils, and administrations. In 1962, following the election of the founding assembly (al-majlis al-ta'sisi) the-then Amir of Kuwait Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah (1950-1965) established the first Council of Ministers through Amiri Decree 3/1962. The Amir also chaired the first council of ministers.

Following the ratification of the constitution and the election of the National Assembly, Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salem Al-Sabah appointed the-then Crown Prince (and later Amir) Sheikh Sabah Al-Salem Al-Sabah as Prime Minister, in addition to his position as Crown Prince. The tradition of the Crown Prince also holding the position of Prime Minister remained in effect until 2003, when the offices were separated.

Constitutionally, the Prime Minister is appointed by the Amir, and is responsible for nominating members of the Cabinet for the Amir's approval and ratification. HH the Amir is the senior executive of the State, followed by the Prime Minister. Like all cabinet members, the Prime Minister retains ex officio membership in the National Assembly (Parliament). Although cabinet members are actively engaged in National Assembly affairs, the constitution prohibits them from partaking in certain procedures, most notable of which are a vote of non-cooperation with the Prime Minister or a vote of no-confidence with any particular Minister.

Since 1962, seven individuals have held the position of Prime Minister, and they are:

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